"The San Antonio Express" - June 25, 1945

              ON TODAY'S EDITORIAL PAGE
The German Menace: Editorial
Governor Stevenson's Economy: Editorial
Lawrence and Adams: Columnists
Relief Is on the Way: Cartoon
MEMBER E PRESS, CHICAGO TRIBUNE, NEW YORK TIMES
VOL. C SAN MONDAY MORNING,'JUNE 25, 1945 PRICE 5 1865
to
H I T L U Z O N J A P S
J a p s H u r l B e s t P i l o t s a t O k i n a w a
A I R B O R N E V E T E R A N S D R O P
O N 2 0 , 0 0 0 T R A P P E D N I P S
Hitler Balks Over II Duce Blackmail
Mussolini Wants Million Tons of Supplies as Price of Italy's Help
This is the seventh article drawn from the diary of Count Ciano, Mussolini's son-in-law.
(Copyright, 1945, by Chicago Daily News, Inc.) All rights reserved for all countries, including right of translation.)
Aug. 3, 1939
Mussolini made a last effort to blackmail the Germans for 17,000,000 tons of military supplies as the price for
entering a war he knew he couldn't fight, it is disclosed in the diary of Count Ciano, his son-in-law, for the closing of August,
For a duce aspired to the mantle of peacemaker, but he wore it poorly and cynically. As hostilities approached, he be­gan to hope the war would be "long, hard and bloody" for every­body but the Italians. Ciano ran up bankrupt Italy's telephone bill with frantic long-distance calls.
duce alternately was lion and lamb. His advisers were One even suggested war would be popular with the Italian wom­en because they would be rid of their husbands and draw six lira a day in addition.
Ciano went to Tirana, Albania, Aug. 19 and then to Valona, but an urgent telegram summoned him back to Rome Aug. 20. He wrote:
Aug. my absence il duce has done an about-face. He wants to support Germany in the which is now close at hand. . . . Conference between Mussolini, Attolico (ambassador to Berlin), and This is the substance. It is too late al­ready to go back on the Germans. The press of the whole world would say that Italy is cowardly, that it is not prepared, and that it had withdrawn in the face of the threat of war."
Pleads With Duce Aug. I've spoken clearly. 'Duce, you must not do At Salzburg I my­face to face with an ultima­tum. Not we, but the Germans have betrayed the alliance. . . . Tear up the pact. Throw it in Hitler's face and Europe will rec­ognize in you the natural leader of the anti-German crusade. Do you want me to go to Salzburg. Very well. I shall go and shall speak to the Germans as they should be spoken to. Hitler not make me put aside my ciga-ret as he did Schuschnigg (for­mer Austrian premier)."
"HE WAS very much impressed and" approved my suggestion to ask Von Ribbentrop to come to the Brenner Pass. . , . We tele­phoned Von Ribbentrop, who was unavailable. Finally, at 5:30 p. m., I speak to him. He says that he cannot give me an answer because 'he is waiting for an im­portant message from Moscow and will telephone me during the evening.'"
AUG. last night a scene occurred. Von trop phoned that he would rather see me at Innsbruck than at the frontier because he was to leave later for Moscow, to sign a political agreement. . . . (The German - Russian non-aggression pact.) The Germans have struck a master blow. All Europe is upset. . . . We must wait and be ready our­selves to gain something in
agricultural industries
in the world are thriving and
highly promising infant indus­tries
in Texas today. To cite an
instance, Palo Pinto County is
going in for silk production on a
considerable Transplanted
from Lebanon and in experienced
hands, silkworm culture is
initely established at Mingus and
is spreading from there. The white
mulberry, on whose leaves the
silkworm feeds, does well in that
area. Then, South Texas farmers,
from the Winter Garden to the
Loiver Trinity Valley, have taken
to growing flax as a winter crop,
mainly for the seed. The biggest
crop of record is being har­vested.
OAKS soon may base a
wood-products industry for
this State. During some seasons
past, mainly under the stimulus of
wartime needs, Texas Forest Serv­ice
has been distributing acorns
for experimental plantings over
diverse, widely scattered areas.
The results should show what
parts of Texas are best adapted
to cork As West
Texas Today (the West Texas
Chamber of Commerce magazine)
Deaf Smith
recently was famed the country
over as the "community without a
has undertaken
to grow cork oaks in earnest.
E. B. Posey, manager of the Here­ford
Chamber of Commerce, has
distributed 10,000 acorns to
landowners over the county. The
to the Spanish and
Moroccan highlands apparently
is well suited to the Texas High
Plains. The 4,000-foot altitude,
the dry air and sunny days nearly
match conditions in the cork
oak's original home.
SMITH COUNTY
ings are being directed by
Marion E. Ziegler, who came
there from a cork-manufacturing
center. A firm in
that city is supplying the acorns.
promoters of this enterprise
hope to have perhaps 10,000 seed­lings
growing in Deaf Smith
County next year. In that event,
the first cork harvest might be
expected by 1966; but meanwhile
the trees would yield welcome
shade, besides an annual crop of
mast for As it is botan-akin
to the live oak, the
cork oak well might find a home
in South Texas. It is a source of
in South Texas.
T)IG BEND National Park is due
four million dollars' worth of
roads in the postwar era. Dr. Ross
Maxwell, superintendent, has an­nounced
plans for motor thor­oughfares
that will lead into the
Chisos Mountains, to Boquillas
and Mariscal canyons, to Santa
Helena Canyon. When the drive­shall
have been finished,
can get to the park's
main scenic spots; but that view
of sunset color playing upon the
Sierra del Carmen from the South
most awesome natural
spectacle on the
be reserved for hardy climbers
and daring horsemen.
Peace Parley Appraised as A
Signing Document, Truman's Address to End Conference
By Associated Press
SAN FRANCISCO, June of 50 nations appraised the United Nations Conference Sunday as a suc­has produced a char­ter for a new world league. The task is finished.
Whether the charter and the league also will be a success, whether they will eradicate "the scourge of war" and guide the world into paths of permanent peace, be inscribed in the pages of history in the future.
Only a two-day whirl of for­malities remains for the confer­plenary session Monday for final approval of the charter text, the signing of the document by delegates who drafted it, a round of speeches Tuesday. Trnman Arrives Today
President Truman flies in from his Pacific Northwest vacation spot late Monday to look in on the ceremonies and bring conference to a conclusion with 'a address Tuesday afternoon.
Except for a comma to be in­serted or a word changed here and there, work on the charter is complete. A steering commit­tee of all conference delegation chiefs saw to last night.
The committee accepted the charter as pieced together by technical experts. And it had determined May 1 that in the final plenary session there should be no discussion or statement on the substance of approved texts. "Great Milestone"
Field Marshal Jan Christian Smuts of South Africa, a link between this conference and the writing of covenant of the old League of Nations, termed the new world constitution "a great milestone along the path of human progress."
In an analysis for the Associ­ated Press, Smuts said the new charter corrects the covenant pre­cisely where it failed, retaining the "idealism and human vision
Continued on Page 3, Column 1
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Urges Strong Nation
By Associated Press
HAMILTON, Mass., General George S. Patton Jr, Sunday told 5,000 cheering neigh­bors that this "will be the last war, if we are prepared."
Speaking at a reception on the Hamilton High School lawn, Gen-Patton asserted "the war has not ended. It will take blood, sweat and honest labor to win.
"If the 5th Division took a day off to go to the races when it was at the Rhine, what would happen? When you do things that you are gambling with the life blood of brave Americans who died because they were not supported."
He told the residents of the town in which he makes his summer home that "the more one travels where you can buy hosiery in drug stores and where bridges are still in position you were bound to realize what your soldiers, airmen and sailors have kept from you."
LEAGUE AND NEW CHARTER CONTRASTED
By Associated Press
SAN FRANCISCO, June 24. Field Marshal Jan Christaan Smuts of South Africa today drew up a four-point table of contrast between the covenant of the League of Nations and the charter drafted at the Conference here.
In an analysis written for the Associated Press, he said the charter differed from the covenant in recognizing:
1. That force is necessary to maintain peace.
2. That only the combined force of the great powers can guarantee peace and that unity among them is essential.
3. That the other nations agree to supply armed forces against aggression.
4. That defense groups should help to maintain world peace.
Germans Know Who Is Boss, Gen. Devers Says
Special to San Antonio Express By the New York News
NEW YORK, June Germany that Adolf Hitler proudly fashioned for 1,000 years is "through for the next 100 years," according to one of her principal American conquerors, four-star Jacob L. Devers. .
"Every nearly every house and factory is down," Devers reported. "And the people will not be too hard to handle." "The Germans," he said grimly, "will behave once they recognize a master. you show them who's boss, they'll down."
Along with General Joseph T. McNarney and Lt.Gen. William H. Simpson, Devers gave his views of the postwar Germany at a press conference at the Wai-dorff-Astoria. Earlier, four big planes had dropped them and a dozen other generals at La Guardia Field.
Hirohlto Would Quit
Kepner, new head of the 8th Airforce in Europe, said that Emperor Hirohito would quit the war "right now" if he could see the devastation wrought by American air attacks on Ger-
"It was like a desert where­ver we hit," he said. "I never saw a picture of an earthquake that was a bad. If I could take Hirohito over Germany to see the things that I saw after our raids, he would quit right now."
Simpson was met at the air­port by his wife, Ruth, of San Antonio, Tex. Mrs. Simpson didn't wait for her husband to descend from plane, but rushed up the ramp into his arms. When p h o t o g raphers, caught off-balance, asked them to repeat the kiss for the cam­eras, General Simpson cried:
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in London Swamp Transatlantic Phone
By Associated Press
LONDON, June than 3,000 American soldiers rushed to the telephone over the end to place $12 calls over the transatlantic system, opened for private conversations fbr the first time since 1939. Only 100 calls got through in the first 24 hours, and the British post-office said tonight that no more calls could be placed before Tuesday, and maybe not then.
Personal Swastika Dragged in Street
As Reds Celebrate Victory Over Germans
By Associated P r e ss
MOSCOW, June Hit­ler's
personal Swastika flag was
dragged over the cobblestones of
Red Square and hurled into a
muddy gutter Sunday after Mar­shal
George K. Zhukov, in a vic­tory
parade speech, said the Red
Army was the most powerful in
the world, but that Russia must
not become "conceited or com­placent."
"After four years of savage
battles, we have entered a per­iod
of peaceful development,"
said Zhukov, conqueror of Berlin
and defender of Moscow.
"The Soviet state has emerged
even more mighty from the grim
struggle we waged, and the Red
Army the most modern and pow­erful
army the world. But for us Soviet peoples it is un­seemly to become conceited or complacent.
Much To Do
"In the future, too, we must strengthen the economic might of our country, unceasingly per­fect our military skill, study the abundant experience of the Fath­erland-war, and develop our mili­tary science."
Zhukov stood beside Marshal Joseph Stalin on a review stand atop Lenin's red marble tomb as he spoke. He said the victory over Germany grew out of the socialist regime's strength and because the nation was "led to victory by our great leader and
military genius, Marshal of the Soviet Union, Stalin."
Zhukov had ridden into the square on a gleaming white horse, the traditional Russian mount for a conqueror, 'in sight of thousands of Russians and scores of foreign diplomats. It was the Soviet Union's greatest official ceremony to honor its victorious troops.
Nazi Flags in Gutter
Two hundred captured Nazi banners, including Hitler's per­sonal standard, were marched through the square, dragged along its rain-soaked cobble­stones, and disdainfully tossed into the gutters before Lenin's
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Try to Keep U.S. From Using Bases
By Associated Press
GUAM, Monday, June Japan's best airmen and new­est planes apparently have entered the fight to forestall development of Okinawa as a base of opera­tions against Nippon.
Having lost the island, only 325 miles from Japan's southern shores, to the American 10th Army, and shorn of sufficient navy power to oppose Yank plans to make the island one huge airbase, Nipponese struck through the air "with the best they had Thursday and Fri­day.
American pilots and antiair­craft artillery downed 59 of the enemy planes, Pacific Fleet headquarters announced
But the Yank airmen said Jap­anese tactics were much more skillful than in previous raids, and enemy planes including new types of army and navy fighter craft as well carry­ing the recently-developed one- rocket suicide bomb.
General H. H. Arnold, chief of the U.S. Army Airforces, on a visit to Okinawa, said the island would afford a "very good" start for full-scale air war against the Japan homeland, with er strikes expected to be start­ed fall.
General Arnold, in promising heavy air blows for Japan, said
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Japs Fire, Quit Borneo Oil Wells
By Associated Press
MANILA, Monday, June Australian 9th Division troops, driving down the Borneo north coast towards the Miri oil fields, still confronted little Japanese opposition Sunday. The enemy apparently was withdrawing in the belief he had inflicted max­imum damage to the wells.
The Australians having cap­tured Seria, potentially the rich­est petroleum area in the Brit­ish Empire, found that at least 21 of its 50 wells still were burn­ing from Japanese' sabotage.
In the continued aerial pound­ing of the Southeastern Dutch Borneo port of Balikpapan, the U.S. 5th Airforce joined the 13th Airforce and the Royal Austra­lian Airforce in sending more than 150 Liberators, Mitchells and Lightnings over the target with more than 200 tons of bombs.
Storm Regains Full Force
By Associated Press
June storm which moved across North Florida Sunday without doing great damage gained full hurricane force after striking the Atlantic Ocean and about 75 miles east of Brunswick, Ga. at 8. p. m the Miami weather bureau an­nounced.
Strong winds and gales up to 60 miles an hour and con­siderably above normal were dicated for the Atlantic coastal area from Savannah northward to Norfolk, Va.
The weather bureau said the storm was moving at about 20 miles an hour and should in­crease in force during the night.
All interests on the coast of South and North Carolina and Virginia were cautioned to be on the alert.
Storm warnings were displayed from Fernandina, Fla., to Nor­folk.
TOKYO-BOUND German prisoners of war (fore­ground)
watch as an American truck is hoisted
a merchant ship at a staging area 18 miles north of
Marseille, France, where U.S. troops and equipment
are processed reassignment to the Pacific.
Allied Warships Shelling
Balikpapan, Tokyo
SAN FRANCISCO, June radio Sunday re­ported
heavy Allied warship and plane poundings of the
Balikpapan oil center, on the Borneo southeast coast, and
claimed Allied landing attempts had been "completely
checked."
While General Douglas Mac-' Arthur's communiques have re­ported almost daily air attacks on the Balikpapan area, there has been no Allied announce­ment of invasion intentions.
The broadcast, monitored by the federal communications com­mission, said that on June 15 "20-odd warcraft were massed by the enemy" and bombardment and operations were started "further clarifying his intentions to effect landings." Shelled Daily
The warships shell the Japa­nese coastal positions and oil area by day, but withdraw far out to sea at night for fear of Nipponese suicide plane the broadcast said, adding that one minesweeper had been sunk and another damaged.
Tokyo also reported that Amer­ican Superforts flying in groups of seven to 13 laid mines off the coasts of Honshu and Kyu­shu islands in the southern part of the Japanese Archipelago last night and early today. The planes also dropped bombs on coastal communities, unconfirmed broadcast said.
Brace for Invasion
An English-language Japanese broadcast beamed to America made the wholly unsubstantiated claim that 555 Allied ships had been sunk or damaged off Oki­nawa up to June 1. Japanese imperial headquarters was quoted in the announcement that the ship losses included 16 aircraft carriers and 14 battleships sunk.
Japanese officials have mobi-
Continued on Page 2, Column 3
Chinese Press Toward Shanghai
By Associated Press
CHUNGKING, June nese troops, pressing up China's eastern "invasion" coast in the wake of a Japanese withdrawal toward Shanghai, have reached Taichow Bay, 175 miles south ef the great enemy-held seaport, the Chinese com­mand said Sunday.
Swift new Chinese gains along the coast 450 miles west of the American-held Okinawa came as bitter fighting raged for the former U. S. airbase city of Liu-chow, in South China, 400 miles southeast of Chungking.
The Chinese high command said that Chinese spearheads had en­gaged Japanese rearguards in the Hwangyen after the en­emy had fallen back 60 miles in a week from Chinese-occupied Wenchow. The Japanese were maintaining a steady withdraw­al along the Chekiang province coast and the pursuing Chinese were within 127 miles southeast of the city of Hangchow. Mine Jap Railway
In supporting operations in­land, Chinese guerrillas mined the Chekiang-Kiangsi railroad near 65 miles south of Hang­chow, blowing up a Japanese mu-
Push Forces Mop-Up to A
By Associated Press
MANILA, Monday, June of veterans of the U.S. 11th Airborne Divi­sion, joined by gliders for the first time in the Southwest Pacific, descended on the rice paddies near the north Luzon port of Aparri Saturday morning and swung south to , join the final of the Ca-gayan Valley, where an esti­mated 20,000 Japanese are trapped.
The airborne troops landed at 9:10 a.m. in bright sunlight with­out any enemy opposition. The town of Aparri, last Japanese es­cape port from Luzon, had been captured earlier by guerrillas and units of the U.S. 6th Army.
who fought in bloody Manila campaign, brought w i t h them formidable pack-howitzers, while their glid­ers disgorged jeeps and mobile radio equipment for a rapid push up the Cagayan River.
Contact Guerrillas Commanded by Maj.Gen. Jo­seph M. Swing, the troopers con­tacted the guerrillas already in the area and the combined force quickly captured Town, 11 miles south of Aparri and only 53 miles north of Tuguegarao, Cagayan Province capital still held by another guerrilla force despite three days of Japanese counterattacks.
Farther the U.S. 37th In­fantry Division under Maj.Gen. Robert S. drove nine miles in 24 hours ending at night­fall Saturday, reaching within eight miles of Tuguegarao in a bid to relieve the hard-pressed guerrillas.
Japanese making every effort to crack the guer­rillas under Col. Russell W. mann before the 37th could ar­rive.
An headquarters spokesman said Tuguegarao was
Continued on Page 2, Column 1
Flyers Blast 1,500 Junks
By Associated P?ess
MANILA, June Mitchell bombers from the 5th Airforce pounced on more than 1,500 junks and fishing boats Friday on a strafing run between Hongkong and Canton.
The medium bombers wrecked at least 40 of the craft and dam­aged docking facilities.
No indication of enemy evacu- in the Hongkong area was reported officially, although the use of small craft for such oper­ations is a favorite device since Japanese shipping has been driv­en from the seas.
than 90 5th Airforce Lightnings strafed and strewed jellied gasoline fire bombs on three Southwestern coastal areas of Formosa, They concentrated on the butanol plants at Heito and refineries and storage tanks at Toshien Mato. Following them were 30 Liberators which drop­ped 197 tons of bombs. Flames reached almost half a mile high as explosions rent the area.
Continued on Page 2, Column 2
WEATHER
San Antonio and vicinity: Part­ly cloudy Maximum temperature Sunday was 92 de­grees, 72.
C O S T O F B A T T L E S
Lt.Comdr. Wm. J. Warburton is authority for the
statement that the battle of Okinawa, now finally con­cluded,
had cost the navy $8,800,000,000 up to June 1.
The battle has been won, but other battles are to
That is why more and money is needed. The
7th War Loan is a means of paying for the ammunition,
supplies, and weapons to be used in bringing nearer
final victory.
THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC
PHILIPPINES para­troopers glider troops descended on Japs trapped on Luzon in bid for quick clean-up of the island. Page 1.
planes and pilots into fight to keep U. S. from developing base. Page 1.
Chinese forces follow retreating Japanese Shanghai. Page 1.
march down Borneo coast without much trouble. Page 2.